The corporation tax system has two rates: the small profits rate of 19% for companies with profits up to £50,000, and the main rate of 25% for profits of £250,000 or more. Companies with profits between these limits receive marginal relief, which tapers the effective rate from 19% to 25%.
Marginal relief formula:
Tax = (Profits × 25%) − Marginal Relief
Marginal Relief = (3/200) × (Upper Limit − Profits) × (Profits ÷ Profits)
Since Profits ÷ Profits = 1 (for a standalone company with no augmented profits distinction), this simplifies to:
Marginal Relief = (3/200) × (Upper Limit − Profits)
Associated companies divide the thresholds. If you have 1 associated company, the lower limit becomes £25,000 and upper limit becomes £125,000. If you have 2 associated companies, limits become £16,667 and £83,333 respectively.
Short accounting periods pro-rate the thresholds. A 6-month period would have limits of £25,000 and £125,000 respectively (before any associated company division).